🏗️ Building & Climate

Condensing mod/con: 92–98%; atmospheric: 80%; cast iron: 75–82%

📊 Boiler Sizing Results

Est. Heat Loss (MBH)
DHW Load (MBH)
Piping Loss (MBH)
Boiler Output (MBH)
Boiler Input (MBH)
Gas Rate (CFH)

📚 Heat Loss Benchmarks (BTU/hr·ft²)

Building TypeMildModerateColdVery Cold
Office / Commercial8–1215–2220–3028–40
School10–1518–2522–3530–45
Hospital / Healthcare12–1820–3028–4035–50
Hotel / Multifamily10–1618–2825–3832–48
Warehouse / Industrial5–1010–1815–2520–35
Residential12–1820–3028–4235–55
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About This Calculator

This boiler size estimator gives a fast, rule-of-thumb heating capacity for early feasibility. Enter the conditioned floor area, building type, climate zone, heating system type, a domestic hot water allowance, and the boiler efficiency; the tool returns the space-heating load, DHW and piping additions, the boiler output and input in MBH, and the gas rate in CFH.

It is built for the concept and budgeting stage, not for final equipment selection. Treat the output as a starting point, then confirm with a full heat-loss calculation per ACCA Manual J or the ASHRAE Handbook — Fundamentals before specifying a boiler.

Formula & Method

Space load (MBH) = Area (ft²) × density (BTU/hr·ft²) ÷ 1,000
Total = (Space + DHW) × (1 + piping loss %)
Output = Total × 1.25  ·  Input = Output ÷ efficiency

The heat-loss density is a benchmark midpoint chosen by building type and climate; the 1.25 multiplier is a 25% sizing/pickup margin. Dividing by 1,000 converts BTU/hr to MBH (thousands of BTU/hr). Because natural gas is about 1,000 BTU per standard cubic foot, the input in MBH is numerically close to the gas rate in CFH. Efficiency context follows ASHRAE 90.1 minimums — condensing mod/con boilers reach 92–98%, atmospheric units around 80%.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I estimate boiler size for a building?
Multiply the conditioned floor area by a heat-loss density in BTU/hr per square foot that fits the building type and climate, then add a domestic hot water allowance and a distribution-piping loss. Apply a sizing factor of about 25 percent to set the boiler output, and divide by the burner efficiency to get the input. This tool does that chain and shows each step.
What heat-loss density should I use per square foot?
It depends on building type and climate. Lightly loaded warehouses can be 5 to 10 BTU/hr per square foot in mild climates, while hospitals or residential buildings in very cold climates can reach 40 to 55. The tool stores midpoint benchmarks for each combination and shows the value it used, but these are screening numbers, not a substitute for a room-by-room heat-loss calculation.
Why apply a 25 percent sizing factor?
The added margin covers pickup load after a night setback, distribution losses not captured elsewhere, and the fact that benchmark densities are approximate. A factor near 1.25 is a common rule of thumb for early sizing. Mod/con boilers with good turndown tolerate generous sizing; single-stage atmospheric boilers should not be grossly oversized, or they short-cycle and lose efficiency.
How is boiler gas input and CFH calculated?
Boiler input equals the required output divided by the boiler's thermal efficiency, so a 92 percent boiler needs about 9 percent more input than output. Because natural gas runs near 1,000 BTU per standard cubic foot, the input in MBH is numerically close to the gas rate in cubic feet per hour (CFH), which is handy for sizing the gas meter and pipe.

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