Psychrometric Calculator

Moist-air properties from dry bulb and one more condition, corrected for elevation.

Inputs

Second Condition
Results
Humidity Ratio
—
lb/lb dry air
Grains of Moisture
—
gr/lb dry air
Enthalpy
—
BTU/lb dry air
Specific Volume
—
ft³/lb dry air
Relative Humidity
—
%
Wet Bulb
—
°F
Dew Point
—
°F
Vapor Pressure
—
in. Hg
Baro. Pressure
—
psia

See this on a psychrometric chart

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Inputs, results, and method — as an Excel workbook or plain CSV.

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About This Calculator

This psychrometric calculator returns the full moist-air state from just two known conditions: dry-bulb temperature plus relative humidity, wet bulb, or dew point. It reports humidity ratio (in lb/lb and grains per pound), enthalpy, specific volume, relative humidity, wet bulb, dew point, water-vapor pressure, and the barometric pressure used — everything you would otherwise read off a psychrometric chart.

Engineers use these properties to size cooling and heating coils, estimate latent versus sensible loads, check condensation risk, and design dehumidification and economizer sequences. Because the tool derives barometric pressure from your elevation, the results stay accurate at altitude where sea-level psychrometrics would over-predict density.

Formula & Method
Saturation pressurePws: Hyland–Wexler equations (over ice below 32 °F, over liquid water above)
Barometric pressureP = 14.696 · (1 − 6.8754×10−6 · Z)5.2559 psia, Z = elevation (ft)
Humidity ratioW = 0.621945 · Pw ÷ (P − Pw)
Enthalpyh = 0.240 · T + W · (1061 + 0.444 · T)
Specific volumev = 0.370486 · (T + 459.67) · (1 + 1.607858 · W) ÷ P
Wet bulbW = [(1093 − 0.556·Twb)·Ws,wb − 0.240·(T − Twb)] ÷ (1093 + 0.444·T − Twb), solved for Twb (ice form below 32 °F)
Dew pointPws(Tdp) = Pw, solved numerically

Every relation is the ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals (2021) Chapter 1 moist-air equation set in IP units (T in °F, P in psia), in their ideal-gas form; rigorous real-gas formulations differ by well under 1 % in W at HVAC conditions. Vapor pressure is Pw = RH · Pws. Barometric pressure comes from your elevation through the standard atmosphere (14.696 psia at sea level), so every output is altitude-corrected. Wet bulb is the thermodynamic (adiabatic-saturation) wet bulb, which a well-ventilated sling psychrometer reads closely. Below 32 °F the dew point is taken over ice (the frost point). Valid for dry bulb from −60 to 200 °F.

Frequently Asked Questions
What second condition should I enter — RH, wet bulb, or dew point?
Any one of them fixes the moist-air state when paired with dry bulb. Enter relative humidity if you have it from a space sensor, wet bulb if you are reading a sling psychrometer or sizing a cooling tower, or dew point if you care about condensation. The calculator solves for all the remaining properties from whichever pair you provide.
Does elevation change the results?
Yes. Barometric pressure falls with altitude, which lowers air density and raises humidity ratio and specific volume for the same dry bulb and RH. The tool derives barometric pressure from your elevation using the standard atmosphere, starting from 14.696 psia at sea level, so results are altitude-corrected rather than fixed to sea-level pressure.
Which equations does this calculator use?
It uses the ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals (2021) Chapter 1 moist-air equations in IP units: Hyland–Wexler saturation pressure (over ice below 32 °F), humidity ratio W = 0.621945 times Pw divided by (P minus Pw), enthalpy h = 0.240 times T plus W times (1061 plus 0.444 times T), specific volume v = 0.370486 times (T + 459.67) times (1 + 1.607858 W) divided by P, and the thermodynamic wet bulb solved from the ASHRAE adiabatic-saturation energy balance. Dew point is the exact inverse of the saturation curve.
What is the difference between humidity ratio and relative humidity?
Humidity ratio (also called W, in pounds of water per pound of dry air, or grains per pound) is the actual mass of moisture in the air and does not change as you heat or cool the air sensibly. Relative humidity is the ratio of vapor pressure to saturation pressure at the current temperature, so it rises as air cools even when the moisture content is unchanged.
Related Tools
Dew Point Calculator Wet Bulb / RH Humidity Ratio Enthalpy Calculator Coil Leaving Air
AIM Works · launches Oct 15, 2026

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Results are design estimates for preliminary sizing. Verify final designs against applicable codes and standards — engineering judgment and a licensed professional engineer’s review are required.